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Cast iron is a ferrous metal, specifically a class of iron-carbon alloys with a carbon content greater than 2% (typically 2–4%), along with silicon (around 1–3%) and trace elements like manganese, sulfur, and phosphorus. 

It's produced by smelting iron ore and casting the molten alloy into molds, which gives it its name and distinguishes it from wrought iron or steel (which has lower carbon content, under 2%). 

Key Properties and Types

Cast iron is known for its high compressive strength, brittleness, and excellent castability, making it ideal for items like engine blocks, pipes, and cookware. Here's a quick overview of its main types: