CNC O-Ring Groove Design: Machining, Tolerances and Inspection Guide

CNC O-ring groove design affects sealing performance, machining cost, assembly reliability and inspection. A groove that looks correct in a CAD model may still leak if it gives the seal too little compression, fills the gland completely after thermal expansion, exposes the elastomer to an excessive extrusion gap or damages it during installation.

The groove cannot be designed from O-ring cross-section alone. Static face seals, piston seals, rod seals, reciprocating applications, vacuum systems and high-pressure hydraulic systems use different gland proportions and surface requirements. Elastomer material, temperature, fluid compatibility, pressure direction, tolerances, coating thickness and assembly path all matter.

This guide explains the engineering information a CNC supplier needs, the main groove types, the meaning of squeeze and gland fill, practical machining methods, common defects, inspection options and an RFQ checklist. Final dimensions should always be validated against the selected O-ring manufacturer’s current design data.

What Is an O-Ring Groove?

An O-ring groove, also called a gland, is the machined space that contains and supports an elastomeric O-ring. During assembly, the mating components compress the circular cross-section. The elastic reaction creates contact stress against the sealing surfaces and blocks a leakage path.

The groove performs several functions:

• Positions the O-ring during assembly.

• Controls compression or squeeze.

• Provides volume for deformation and material swell.

• Supports the seal against pressure.

• Limits movement, rolling and twisting.

• Protects the O-ring from sharp edges.

• Defines the extrusion gap with the mating component.

The groove is only one part of the sealing system. The bore, rod, piston, flange face, fasteners and O-ring material must be designed together.

O-Ring Groove Terminology

These parameters interact. Reducing groove depth increases squeeze, but it also increases gland fill. Increasing width adds volume but may allow motion in a dynamic application. Changing O-ring stretch reduces its effective cross-section.

Use a Recognized O-Ring Design Source

Do not scale a groove from a picture or copy a dimension from an unrelated product. Start with the exact O-ring size standard, material, hardness and application type.

The Parker O-Ring Handbook provides extensive guidance on static, dynamic, face, piston, rod and special glands. Trelleborg offers O-ring design resources and calculators covering material selection, housing layout and groove design.

Manufacturer tables incorporate more than nominal cross-section. They consider size tolerances, deformation, intended squeeze, width, radii, surface texture and application limits. Use the edition cited by the design record and keep the selected O-ring part number under configuration control.

Static vs Dynamic O-Ring Seals

Static Seals

In a static seal, the mating surfaces do not move relative to each other during normal service. Examples include bolted covers, manifold ports, pipe plugs and housing joints.

Static glands can often tolerate more squeeze and rougher noncritical groove surfaces than dynamic glands, but the exact values depend on elastomer, pressure, temperature and joint design. Fastener spacing and flange stiffness must keep the sealing faces in contact.

Reciprocating Dynamic Seals

Rod and piston seals move linearly. Friction, lubrication, wear, stretch, surface direction and seal rolling become important. Excessive squeeze can create heat and high breakaway force; insufficient squeeze can leak at low pressure.

Rotary Seals

Continuous rotary service is especially demanding because friction concentrates heat. Standard O-rings are not always the best rotary seal. Trelleborg’s O-ring guidance notes limitations for rotary use, so consult the seal supplier before using an ordinary O-ring on a rotating shaft.

Oscillating Seals

Limited angular motion can twist the seal. Material, lubrication, groove width and frequency must be reviewed. A design that survives occasional adjustment may fail in continuous oscillation.

Axial Face-Seal Grooves

An axial face seal uses a groove machined into a face. A mating face compresses the O-ring along the assembly axis. Common applications include covers, flanges, manifolds, vacuum chambers and electronic enclosures.

Pressure Direction

The groove and O-ring diameter should be selected with internal or external pressure in mind. Pressure should move the O-ring toward the supported side of the gland rather than away from it. Manufacturer guidance distinguishes face-seal dimensions for internal and external pressure.

Flange Stiffness and Fasteners

The O-ring may be correct while the joint still leaks because the flange lifts between bolts. Thin covers, wide bolt spacing, pressure load and thermal distortion can open the sealing interface.

The sealing design should review:

• Fastener size and spacing.

• Flange thickness and material.

• Pressure area and separating force.

• Surface flatness and parallelism.

• Local bending around ports.

• Gasket or metal-to-metal stop condition.

Groove Location

Leave enough land between the groove and the pressure boundary, bolt holes, outside edge and neighboring ports. A thin land can deform, break through during machining or provide an inadequate leakage path.

Face-Seal Corners

Rectangular or freeform face grooves need internal corner radii. A small end mill cannot create a truly sharp inside corner, and the O-ring must follow the path without excessive stretch or bunching. Large corner radii are usually easier to machine and install, but the minimum bend radius should be checked for the selected seal.

Radial Piston and Rod Grooves

Piston Seal Groove

A piston O-ring is commonly installed in an outside-diameter groove and seals against a bore. The O-ring inside diameter is normally selected to sit on the groove without unwanted looseness. Piston-to-bore clearance creates the extrusion gap.

Rod Seal Groove

A rod O-ring is commonly installed in a housing bore and seals against a rod. Groove access and installation are more difficult because the gland may be internal. The O-ring must enter without being cut by threads, cross holes, splines or sharp edges.

Concentricity

Groove diameter, sealing diameter and supporting lands should be concentric enough to maintain uniform squeeze. Runout or eccentricity produces a tight region on one side and a low-compression region on the other.

Bearing and Side Load

An O-ring should not act as the only bearing for a side-loaded rod or piston. Guidance rings, bushings or bearing surfaces control alignment and prevent one-sided wear.

O-Ring Squeeze

Squeeze is the compression of the O-ring cross-section between the groove and mating surface. It is commonly expressed as a percentage of the original cross-section.

Squeeze creates initial sealing contact, but more is not always better.

Too Little Squeeze

• Low-pressure leakage.

• Poor contact after tolerance stack-up.

• Loss of sealing from compression set.

• Movement or rolling in dynamic service.

Too Much Squeeze

• High assembly force.

• Excess friction and heat.

• Accelerated wear.

• Limited room for thermal expansion and swell.

• Pinching or permanent deformation.

• Flange separation on flexible joints.

The correct squeeze range depends on static or dynamic service, cross-section, material hardness, temperature and manufacturer recommendations. Calculate minimum and maximum squeeze using tolerance extremes, not nominal dimensions alone.

Gland Fill and Free Volume

Gland fill compares O-ring volume with available groove volume. The seal needs space to change shape during compression. Temperature rise and fluid absorption can expand the elastomer, and manufacturing tolerances can produce a larger ring and smaller gland at the same time.

A groove designed at nearly complete nominal fill may become overfilled under worst-case conditions. The resulting pressure can increase friction, damage the seal or force the joint apart.

Review:

• Maximum O-ring cross-section.

• Minimum groove depth and width.

• Elastomer thermal expansion.

• Expected fluid swell.

• O-ring stretch or compression.

• Coating thickness on groove surfaces.

• Backup-ring volume.

The manufacturer’s calculation method should be followed. Do not subtract a nominal O-ring area from a nominal rectangular groove and assume the result covers every condition.

O-Ring Stretch and Compression

An O-ring may be stretched over a piston or compressed into a bore during installation. Stretch reduces the effective cross-section and increases tensile stress. Excessive compression of the inside diameter can make the ring buckle.

The allowed range depends on application and material. Dynamic applications usually need tighter control than static ones. Large rings made from cord stock or bonded joints also require special review.

The groove diameter should be based on the selected seal and manufacturer rules. If the CAD model changes groove diameter, recalculate squeeze and fill rather than changing only the circumference.

Extrusion Gap and Backup Rings

Pressure can force the elastomer into the clearance between moving or mating components. Repeated extrusion produces nibbling, torn edges and eventual leakage.

Extrusion risk increases with:

• Higher pressure.

• Larger clearance.

• Softer elastomer.

• Higher temperature.

• Pressure cycling.

• Material swell or degradation.

• Poor support at the pressure side.

Reduce the gap, choose appropriate hardness or material, improve component stiffness or use one or two backup rings where required. The groove must be widened for backup rings according to supplier data.

A backup ring has an installation direction and material behavior of its own. Include its exact part number in the drawing or bill of materials.

Groove Width, Depth and Radius

Groove Depth

Depth primarily controls squeeze. Its tolerance must include the mating diameter or face position. For a face seal, groove depth and flange separation determine compression. For a radial seal, groove diameter and mating diameter work together.

Groove Width

Width provides volume and controls lateral movement. It may also contain backup rings. An excessively narrow groove can overfill; an overly wide dynamic groove can allow pumping, rolling or unstable motion.

Bottom and Corner Radii

Sharp internal corners are difficult to machine and can damage the elastomer or concentrate stress. A controlled radius improves tool life and seal safety. An excessive radius reduces usable groove volume and may contribute to extrusion.

Parker specifically warns that the radius in a dovetail gland is critical: too small can damage the O-ring during installation, while too large can contribute to extrusion.

Tolerance Stack-Up

Calculate sealing performance at all relevant extremes:

• Maximum and minimum groove depth.

• Maximum and minimum groove width.

• O-ring cross-section tolerance.

• Mating bore, rod or flange tolerance.

• Concentricity and runout.

• Surface coating thickness.

• Thermal growth of each component.

If the seal works only at nominal values, the design is not production-ready.

Rectangular vs Dovetail Grooves

Rectangular Grooves

Rectangular glands are the default for many face and radial seals. They are straightforward to machine, inspect and clean. Standard end mills, grooving tools or boring tools can create them.

Dovetail Grooves

A dovetail groove mechanically retains the O-ring during assembly or maintenance, such as an overhead face seal. It requires an undercut tool and is harder to machine and inspect.

The Parker handbook describes dovetail glands as expensive and recommends them only when necessary. Limited void volume makes them less tolerant of wide temperature ranges, swelling media and tolerance extremes.

Before choosing a dovetail, consider:

• Whether grease or temporary assembly aids can retain the seal.

• Whether a cover can be assembled horizontally.

• Whether a standard rectangular groove with retaining points is possible.

• Tool access and minimum neck width.

• Inspection of undercut diameter and radius.

• Chip removal and deburring.

• Replacement and maintenance access.

Surface Finish and Machining Lay

Surface texture affects leakage, wear and friction. A surface can meet an Ra value yet still leak if deep scratches run across the sealing path or if spiral tool marks create a pumping channel.

Static Sealing Surfaces

Static seals are generally less sensitive than dynamic seals, but scratches, porosity and tool marks across the seal can still create leakage paths. Face flatness and waviness may matter as much as roughness.

Dynamic Sealing Surfaces

Rod, bore and shaft surfaces require tighter control of roughness, peaks, valleys and lay. A very rough surface abrades the seal; an excessively smooth surface may retain insufficient lubricant in some applications.

Specify More Than Ra When Needed

For critical seals, consider:

• Ra or another specified roughness parameter.

• Rz, Rt or material-ratio parameters when functional.

• Direction of lay.

• Spiral-free requirement for rotating or reciprocating surfaces.

• Maximum scratch or defect acceptance.

• Flatness, cylindricity or runout.

• Measurement standard and cutoff.

Use the seal supplier’s current finish table for the exact application. Do not copy a static-groove roughness onto a high-speed rod.

Lead-In Chamfers and Assembly Protection

The O-ring should not be dragged over a sharp edge. A lead-in chamfer guides the seal and reduces cutting, shaving and pinching.

Trelleborg’s O-ring technical guide recommends considering installation during design and using assembly aids when the seal must pass threads, splines or keyways.

Assembly protection may include:

• Rounded or chamfered entries.

• Burr-free cross holes.

• Protective sleeves over threads and splines.

• Approved lubricant compatible with the elastomer and fluid.

• Installation tools without sharp edges.

• Controlled stretch and no twisting.

• Clean handling and packaging.

An excellent groove cannot compensate for an O-ring cut during assembly.

O-Ring Material Selection

The groove supplier may machine the metal part, but seal material still affects gland design.

NBR

Nitrile rubber is widely used with petroleum oils and general industrial fluids. Temperature, ozone and fuel compatibility depend on compound.

FKM

Fluorocarbon elastomers are selected for heat and chemical resistance in many fuel and oil applications. Low-temperature flexibility and compatibility vary by grade.

EPDM

EPDM is common for water, steam and some brake-fluid applications. It is generally unsuitable for petroleum oils. Confirm the exact compound.

Silicone

Silicone performs over a broad temperature range and is available in specialized grades, but it has lower abrasion and tear resistance than some alternatives.

FFKM

Perfluoroelastomers offer very high chemical and temperature capability at high cost. Their physical behavior and compression requirements can differ from standard elastomers.

PTFE and Encapsulated Seals

PTFE-based or encapsulated products are less elastic and may require special gland and installation rules. Do not place them in a groove designed for an ordinary rubber O-ring without supplier approval.

Material compatibility must consider the actual fluid mixture, concentration, temperature, pressure, cleaning chemicals, sterilization and exposure time.

Temperature and Pressure Effects

Metal and elastomer expand at different rates. At high temperature, O-ring volume can increase more than the gland, raising fill and contact stress. At low temperature, the seal may harden and lose recovery.

Pressure direction can energize the O-ring, but pressure also raises extrusion risk. Rapid gas decompression can damage some elastomers when absorbed gas expands faster than it can escape.

Vacuum systems introduce outgassing, permeation and virtual-leak concerns. Groove cleanliness, surface defects and trapped volumes need review beyond ordinary liquid sealing.

For safety-critical, high-pressure, high-temperature, oxygen, semiconductor, medical or aggressive chemical service, use a qualified seal engineer and application-specific standards.

CNC Machining Methods for O-Ring Grooves

Circular Milling on a Machining Center

A face groove can be milled by circular interpolation with an end mill. This is flexible for different diameters and useful for prototypes. Cutter diameter, runout and toolpath affect width and circularity.

A finishing pass can control the groove walls and bottom. Entry and exit should avoid leaving a step across the sealing path.

Dedicated Groove Cutters

Form or slot cutters can produce width efficiently in production. They need the correct neck clearance and chip evacuation. A dedicated tool improves repeatability but adds tooling cost.

CNC Turning

Concentric face, piston and rod grooves are often turned. Grooving inserts can control width and bottom diameter. Machine rigidity, insert width, tool deflection and chip control affect size and finish.

Internal Grooving

Rod-seal glands in bores require internal grooving tools. Tool overhang and limited visibility increase risk. In-process probing may not reach the feature, so setup qualification and dedicated gauges become important.

Dovetail Milling

A straight tool may rough the groove before a dovetail cutter creates the undercut. Tool neck strength, interference and corner radius must be checked in CAM. Multiple passes may be needed to limit force.

EDM or Special Processes

EDM can create inaccessible or difficult profiles in conductive materials, but recast layer, surface integrity, cost and cleaning should be evaluated. It is not the first choice for an ordinary accessible groove.

Toolpath and Process Planning

Establish the Sealing Datum

Machine the groove relative to the functional sealing face, bore or axis. A groove that is dimensionally correct but eccentric to the mating diameter can have uneven squeeze.

Rough and Finish Separately

For tight glands, rough most material, leave uniform stock and take a controlled finish pass. This reduces deflection and allows tool-wear compensation.

Avoid Dwell Marks

Dwelling at one point can leave a notch or burnish mark. Use smooth lead-in and lead-out motion away from the most sensitive sealing path.

Control Burr Formation

Groove edges need a specified break or radius without removing excessive land. Hand deburring can change width or leave rolled material. Define the deburring method for critical glands.

Clean the Groove

Chips, abrasive residue and cleaning media can damage the seal. Blind or internal grooves need verified cleaning and inspection.

Coatings and Surface Treatments

Anodizing, plating, paint and conversion coatings change groove dimensions and surface texture. Hard anodizing can build thickness on groove walls and bottom, reducing width and depth while changing corner radii.

The drawing should state:

• Whether dimensions apply before or after coating.

• Which groove surfaces are masked.

• Expected coating thickness and buildup convention.

• Whether post-coating machining is allowed.

• Final roughness and defect requirements.

• Final inspection and leak-test condition.

Masking a precision gland may prevent dimensional buildup but leaves a different corrosion condition. The design owner should decide based on function.

Dimensional Inspection of O-Ring Grooves

Width Measurement

Accessible groove width can be measured with calipers, micrometers, optical systems, CMM probes or dedicated gauges. Tool radius and burrs can affect the contact points.

Depth Measurement

Depth micrometers, CMMs, optical systems or specialized indicators may be used. The reference face must be clean and flat. A narrow groove may not accept a standard contact tip.

Diameter and Concentricity

Turned grooves may be inspected with groove micrometers, CMMs, bore gauges, optical systems or custom masters. Evaluate concentricity through a specified geometric control rather than an ambiguous “concentric” note.

Radii and Dovetail Undercuts

Optical comparators, vision systems, replicas, contour tracers, CMM styli or custom gauges can inspect special profiles. Accessibility should be considered before tolerances are finalized.

Surface Texture

A stylus instrument requires enough travel length and correct cutoff. Small curved glands may be difficult to measure. Specify an accessible measurement direction or qualified alternative.

Visual Inspection

Magnification can reveal burrs, chatter, scratches, porosity, coating voids and contamination. Visual acceptance criteria should define defect size and location when critical.

Leak Testing

Dimensional inspection verifies geometry but does not prove the complete assembly seals. Leak testing may be required after assembly.

Methods include:

• Pressure decay.

• Vacuum decay.

• Bubble testing.

• Mass-flow testing.

• Helium leak detection.

• Fluid hold or proof testing.

Test pressure, medium, temperature, stabilization time and acceptance limit must be specified. A test with water at low pressure may not predict gas leakage at temperature.

Leak testing can identify a system failure but may not reveal whether the cause is groove geometry, surface defect, seal material, assembly damage or flange deformation. Retain dimensional and process records for troubleshooting.

Common O-Ring Groove Problems

Leakage at Low Pressure

Possible causes include insufficient squeeze, surface scratches, poor flatness, wrong O-ring size, compression set or a damaged seal. Check tolerance extremes and assembly condition.

Extrusion or Nibbling

High pressure forces the O-ring into excessive clearance. Reduce the gap, increase support, use suitable hardness or add backup rings per supplier guidance.

Twisted or Rolled O-Ring

The seal may twist during installation or reciprocating motion. Review lubrication, groove width, stretch, lead-in and assembly method.

Cut or Shaved Seal

Sharp edges, burrs, threads, cross holes or inadequate chamfers damage the O-ring. Inspect the assembly path, not only the groove.

Swollen Seal and Overfilled Gland

Fluid incompatibility or heat expands the elastomer. Confirm compound compatibility and leave the required free gland volume.

Spiral Leakage Path

Turning or grinding lay can pump fluid along a dynamic surface. Specify appropriate lay and a spiral-free finish when the application requires it.

Groove Chatter

Chatter changes width, depth and surface texture. Improve tool rigidity, reduce overhang, adjust cutting data and use a stable finishing pass.

Coating Buildup

Unexpected plating or anodize thickness reduces gland volume and changes squeeze. Define the final-state requirement and masking.

Design Guidelines for CNC O-Ring Grooves

Select the Seal Before Finalizing the Groove

Choose the size standard, material, hardness and supplier compound first. Then design the gland from the approved data.

Define Application Type

State static face, static radial, reciprocating rod, reciprocating piston, oscillating, rotary, vacuum or another specific service. The categories are not interchangeable.

Provide a Safe Assembly Path

Add lead-ins, protect threads and remove sharp edges. Ensure maintenance personnel can replace the seal without special damage-prone manipulation.

Control the Full Sealing System

Specify groove dimensions, mating diameter, extrusion gap, surface texture, flatness, runout and material. Do not tolerance the groove in isolation.

Avoid Unnecessary Dovetails

Use a dovetail only when retention is essential and its reduced gland volume is acceptable. It adds tooling, inspection and deburring cost.

Design for Standard Tools

Use practical widths, radii and access when function allows. Deep narrow internal grooves and tiny corner radii require fragile custom tools.

State Final-Surface Requirements

Clarify coating, masking, roughness, lay, burr and cleanliness requirements after all processing.

Consider Inspection Access

Provide enough width and approach for depth, profile and roughness measurement. If the feature cannot be measured directly, agree on a process-control or gauge strategy.

Cost Drivers for O-Ring Groove Machining

• Groove type: face, external, internal or dovetail.

• Diameter, width, depth and corner radii.

• Tool access and overhang.

• Tight depth or concentricity tolerance.

• Surface texture and spiral-free requirement.

• Custom form tools or gauges.

• Coating compensation and masking.

• Burr and cleanliness standard.

• Material hardness and machinability.

• Prototype or production quantity.

• CMM, contour or surface-finish reporting.

• Leak testing and assembly responsibility.

• Traceability for O-rings and backup rings.

A standard rectangular groove with accessible inspection is usually more economical than a deep internal dovetail with a custom profile.

RFQ Checklist for O-Ring Groove Parts

Provide:

1. Native 3D CAD model and controlled 2D drawing.

2. O-ring manufacturer, part number, size standard and cross-section.

3. Elastomer compound, hardness and color if controlled.

4. Static, reciprocating, oscillating, rotary or vacuum application.

5. Face, piston, rod or other groove type.

6. Internal and external pressure direction.

7. Maximum and minimum pressure, including vacuum.

8. Operating and storage temperature range.

9. Process fluid, concentration and cleaning chemicals.

10. Groove width, depth, diameter and radius tolerances.

11. Mating bore, rod, face and extrusion-gap dimensions.

12. Surface roughness, lay and defect limits.

13. Lead-in chamfers and protected assembly path.

14. Backup-ring part number and orientation.

15. Coating, masking and final dimensional condition.

16. Inspection report and leak-test requirements.

17. Prototype and production quantities.

For the complete manufacturing package, use our CNC Machining RFQ Checklist.

Sample O-Ring Groove RFQ

Please quote the attached 6061-T6 aluminum manifold cover with a static axial face-seal groove. The approved seal is the specified FKM 75A O-ring shown in the bill of materials. Internal pressure is 1.0 MPa maximum, service temperature is -20°C to 120°C and the fluid is the listed synthetic oil. Groove dimensions and surface finish apply after Type II anodizing; the groove and sealing land must be masked. Inspect groove width, depth, profile, sealing-face flatness and roughness, then perform the specified pressure-decay test after assembly. Please quote 10 prototypes and 1,000 production parts, including first-article and leak-test reports.

This gives the supplier the selected seal, service condition, final-state dimensions and verification requirements.

Frequently Asked Questions

How deep should an O-ring groove be?

There is no universal depth. It depends on O-ring size, application type, desired squeeze, tolerances, material, stretch, temperature and mating geometry. Use the selected seal manufacturer’s gland table and calculate worst-case conditions.

Is more O-ring squeeze better?

No. Excess squeeze increases assembly force, friction, heat and gland fill. It can damage the seal or separate a flexible flange. Use the recommended range for the application.

Can the groove be completely filled by the O-ring?

Normally the gland needs free volume for deformation, tolerance, thermal expansion and fluid swell. A nearly full nominal gland can become overfilled at worst-case conditions.

When is a dovetail O-ring groove needed?

It is used when the O-ring must be mechanically retained during assembly or service. It is more expensive and less tolerant of swell and temperature variation, so use it only when necessary.

What surface finish is required?

It depends on static or dynamic service, pressure, material and sealing surface. Use the seal supplier’s table and specify lay, scratches, waviness and geometry when Ra alone is insufficient.

Should an O-ring groove be anodized?

That depends on corrosion, wear and dimensional requirements. Anodizing changes groove size and texture. Define masking and whether dimensions apply before or after finishing.

Why does an O-ring leak even when groove dimensions pass?

Possible causes include surface scratches, flange bending, wrong material, assembly damage, contamination, eccentricity, an excessive extrusion gap or a test condition different from the design condition.

Do high-pressure O-rings need backup rings?

They may. Pressure, clearance, hardness, temperature and cycling determine extrusion risk. Follow the seal supplier’s recommendation and widen the groove for the approved backup ring.

Can a standard O-ring be used as a rotary shaft seal?

Not automatically. Continuous rotation creates friction and heat, and ordinary O-rings may fail quickly. Consult a seal supplier and consider a dedicated rotary seal.

How should an internal O-ring groove be inspected?

Use an accessible combination of dedicated gauges, CMM or vision styli, groove micrometers, contour measurement and qualified process control. Plan inspection access before finalizing the groove.

Final Recommendations

Reliable CNC O-ring groove design begins with the complete sealing application, not a generic percentage or copied CAD feature. Select the O-ring compound and size, define static or dynamic service, calculate squeeze and gland fill at tolerance extremes, control the extrusion gap and provide a damage-free assembly path.

For manufacturing, relate the groove to the functional sealing datum, use a stable rough-and-finish process, control burrs and tool marks and inspect the final coated condition. Dimensional inspection and leak testing serve different purposes and may both be required.

AluPrototype machines face, piston, rod and custom sealing grooves for prototype and production parts. Explore our CNC machining article library or request a quote with your CAD model, drawing, seal specification, material, quantities and test requirements.