Permanent die casting, also known as gravity die casting, is a metal casting process where molten metal, typically aluminum, zinc, or magnesium, is poured into a reusable steel mold (die) under the force of gravity, rather than high pressure. Unlike high-pressure die casting (HPDC), which injects molten metal at 10,000–30,000 psi, permanent die casting relies on gravity to fill the mold, resulting in a slower, controlled process. It is widely used for producing medium-volume, high-quality parts with good strength and surface finish, including components for the lighting industry like lamp housings, brackets, and heat sinks.